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You may need to increase your exercise very slowly to avoid over-doing it.

Physical therapies – such as walking, stretching, strengthening or aerobic exercises may help reduce pain, keep you mobile and improve your mood.

Heat packs are better for relieving chronic muscle or joint injuries.

Heat or cold – use ice packs immediately after an injury to reduce swelling.

A combination of treatments and therapies is often more effective than just one. Many non-medicine treatments are available to help you manage your pain.

The thalamus also contributes to mood and arousal, which helps to explain why your interpretation of pain partly depends on your state of mind. This is when you may feel the sensation of pain, think ‘That hurt! What was it?’, and feel annoyed. The thalamus then sends the information on to other parts of the brain that are linked to physical response, thought and emotion. This explains why people have very different responses to pain.

Once the ‘alert!’ message reaches the thalamus, it sorts the information the nerves have sent, taking into account your previous experience, beliefs, expectations, culture and social norms. This is a reflex reaction that prevents further damage occurring. This moves the affected body part away from the source of danger or harm. Sometimes the spinal cord sends an immediate signal back to the muscles to make them contract. If pain receptors in the skin are activated by touching something dangerous (for example something hot or sharp), these nerves send alerts to the spinal cord and then to part of the brain called the thalamus. There are far fewer receptors in the gut, so it is harder to pinpoint the precise location of a stomach ache. For example, the skin has lots of receptors so it is easy to tell the exact location and type of pain. Some areas of the body have more pain receptors than others. The other relays messages slowly, causing a dull, throbbing pain. One nerve type relays messages quickly, causing a sharp, sudden pain. The body has pain receptors that are attached to 2 main types of nerves that detect danger. It is an essential part of evolution that protects the body from danger and harm.

medical conditions (such as cancer, arthritis and back problems).

The most common causes of pain in adults include:

mind and body techniques (such as acupuncture).

psychological therapies (such as cognitive behavioural therapy, relaxation techniques and meditation).

physical therapies (such as heat or cold packs, massage, hydrotherapy and exercise).

Understanding the cause and learning effective ways to cope with your pain can improve your quality of life. Studies suggest that a person’s emotional wellbeing can impact the experience of pain.

You may feel pain in one part of your body or it may be widespread. Pain may be anything from a dull ache to a sharp stab and can range from mild to extreme. It generally lasts for longer than 3 months.

Chronic pain – continues beyond the time expected for healing.It starts suddenly and is usually short-lived. Acute pain – a normal response to an injury or medical condition.The occurrence of pain rises as people get older, and women are more likely to experience pain than men.